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* as React from 'react'\n /* @jsx mdx */\nimport { mdx } from '@mdx-js/react';\n/* @jsxRuntime classic */\n\n/* @jsx mdx */\n\nimport { EuiSpacer } from '@elastic/eui';\nimport BreadCrumbs from 'components/Layout/BreadCrumbs';\nimport SEOHelmet from 'components/Layout/SEOHelmet';\nimport TimeLine from 'components/Products/CommentList/MqttIFTTTList';\nexport const _frontmatter = {\n \"title\": \"Einrichten eines abgesicherten FTP-Servers für Ihre 2k+ (WQHD)-Kamera mit Docker\",\n \"path\": \"/Frequently_Asked_Question/FTP_Secure_Server_for_your_WQHD_Camera_using_Docker/\",\n \"dateChanged\": \"2022-05-25\",\n \"author\": \"Mike Polinowski\",\n \"excerpt\": \"Ich möchte den FTP-Dienst meiner Kamera nutzen, um Alarmaufzeichnungen und Schnappschussserien auf meinen Linux-Server (Raspberry Pi) hochzuladen.\",\n \"image\": \"../../FAQ_SearchThumb.png\",\n \"social\": \"/images/Search/FAQ_SearchThumb.webp\",\n \"toc\": \"/images/Search/TOC_Icons/Wiki_Tiles_FAQs_white.webp\",\n \"chapter\": \"FAQs\",\n \"faq\": \"WQHD & UHD Cameras\"\n};\nconst layoutProps = {\n _frontmatter\n};\nconst MDXLayout = \"wrapper\";\nexport default function MDXContent({\n components,\n ...props\n}) {\n return \n\n\n\n \n \n

{`Einrichten eines abgesicherten FTP-Servers für Ihre 2k+ (WQHD)-Kamera mit Docker`}

\n

{`Update`}{`: Dieses Tutorial funktioniert sowohl mit `}{`Aktiven`}{` (`}{`PORT Modus`}{`) als auch mit `}{`Passiven`}{` (`}{`PASV Modus`}{`) Uploads. Wenn Sie ohne arbeiten lesen Sie bitte unser Tutorial `}{`Einrichten eines ProFTPD Servers für Ihre 2k+ (WQHD) Kamera`}

\n

{`Q`}{`: Ich möchte den FTP-Dienst meiner Kamera nutzen, um Alarmaufzeichnungen und Schnappschussserien auf meinen Linux-Server (Raspberry Pi) hochzuladen.`}

\n

{`A`}{`: Der einfachste Weg wäre, Ihren `}{`Internet-Router als FTP-Server zu verwenden`}{`. Wenn Sie einen Linux Server wie z.B. einen Raspberry Pi verwenden möchten, empfehlen wir den `}{`sFTP Dienstes`}{` anstelle von FTP oder FTPS. Aber natürlich können Sie stattdessen auch Ihren eigenen FTP-Server einrichten. Ich würde empfehlen, ein \"vsftpd\"-Docker-Image für diese Aufgabe zu erstellen.`}

\n {\n /* TOC */\n }\n \n {\n /* /TOC */\n }\n

{`Vorbereitung des Docker Images`}

\n

{`Beginnen Sie damit, ein Arbeitsverzeichnis und Ihr `}{`Dockerfile`}{` zu erstellen, z.B. :`}

\n 
{`mkdir`}{` -p /opt/vsftpd/ftpuser `}{`&&`}{` `}{`cd`}{` /opt/vsftpd\n`}{`nano`}{` Dockerfile`}
\n

{`Und fügen Sie den folgenden Inhalt hinzu. Stellen Sie sicher, dass die Ports `}{`20`}{` - `}{`21`}{` sowie `}{`4242`}{` - `}{`4243`}{` an den Server weitergeleitet werden. Wir benötigen diese zusätzlichen Ports für den passiven Modus - setzen Sie `}{`pasv_min_port`}{` und `}{`pasv_max_port`}{` entsprechend in der Konfigurationsdatei `}{`vsftpd.conf`}{` unten.`}

\n 
{`# Dockerfile for vsftpd on CentOS7`}{`\nFROM centos`}{`:`}{`7`}{`\n\nMAINTAINER m.polinowski@instar.com\n\nRUN yum `}{`-`}{`y update; yum `}{`-`}{`y install which vsftpd net`}{`-`}{`tools vsftpd`}{`-`}{`sysvinit; yum clean all\n\nCOPY vusers.txt /etc/vsftpd/\nRUN db_load `}{`-`}{`T `}{`-`}{`t hash `}{`-`}{`f /etc/vsftpd/vusers.txt /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd`}{`-`}{`virtual`}{`-`}{`user.db; rm `}{`-`}{`v /etc/vsftpd/vusers.txt; \\\\\n\tchmod 600 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd`}{`-`}{`virtual`}{`-`}{`user.db\nCOPY vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/\nCOPY vsftpd.virtual /etc/pam.d/\nRUN mkdir `}{`-`}{`p /home/vftp/ftpuser; chown `}{`-`}{`R ftp`}{`:`}{`ftp /home/vftp\n\nEXPOSE 20 21 4242 4243\n\nCMD `}{`[`}{`\"/usr/sbin/vsftpd\"`}{`,`}{`\"-obackground=NO\"`}{`]`}
\n

{`Dieses `}{`Dockerfile`}{` wird CentOS als Basis-Image nehmen - dies kann durch jede beliebige Variante von Enterprise Linux ersetzt werden. Im nächsten Schritt wird der Dienst \"vsftpd\" installiert und ein FTP-Benutzerkonto für uns erstellt. Danach müssen wir die folgenden Konfigurationsdateien in das Image kopieren - alle müssen in demselben Verzeichnis erstellt werden, in dem wir unsere `}{`Dockerdatei`}{` abgelegt haben:`}

\n

{`FTP Benutzer Login`}

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{`vusers.txt`}

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{`ftpuser\nmypassword`}
\n

{`Dies ist der Benutzer, den wir für die Verbindung zum FTP-Server verwenden müssen - ändern Sie sowohl den Benutzernamen als auch das Passwort nach Ihren Bedürfnissen.`}

\n

{`FTP Benutzer Konfiguration`}

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{`vsftpd.virtual`}

\n 
{`#%PAM-1.0`}{`\nauth       required     pam_userdb.so `}{`db`}{`=`}{`/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd-virtual-user\naccount    required     pam_userdb.so `}{`db`}{`=`}{`/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd-virtual-user\nsession    required     pam_loginuid.so`}
\n

{`Server Konfiguration`}

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{`vsftpd.conf`}

\n 
{`ftpd_banner`}{`=`}{`Welcome to the INSTAR FTP service.\n`}{`# Enforce user logins`}{`\n`}{`anonymous_enable`}{`=`}{`NO\n`}{`guest_enable`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`# Local linux users are allowed to log in`}{`\n`}{`local_enable`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20`}{`\n`}{`connect_from_port_20`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`# Enable PASV mode on ports 4242-4243`}{`\n`}{`pasv_enable`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`pasv_addr_resolve`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`pasv_min_port`}{`=`}{`4242`}{`\n`}{`pasv_max_port`}{`=`}{`4243`}{`\n`}{`virtual_use_local_privs`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`# FTP users can create, delete, rename and save files`}{`\n`}{`write_enable`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`# Default umask for local users`}{`\n`}{`local_umask`}{`=`}{`022\n`}{`# Add user`}{`\n`}{`pam_service_name`}{`=`}{`vsftpd.virtual\n`}{`user_sub_token`}{`=`}{`$USER`}{`\n`}{`local_root`}{`=`}{`/home/vftp/`}{`$USER`}{`\n`}{`chroot_local_user`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`allow_writeable_chroot`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`hide_ids`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`# Set network interface`}{`\n`}{`listen`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`listen_ipv6`}{`=`}{`NO\n`}{`# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.`}{`\n`}{`xferlog_enable`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`xferlog_std_format`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`# log file in standard ftpd xferlog format`}{`\n`}{`xferlog_file`}{`=`}{`/var/log/vsftpd.log`}
\n

{`TLS Verschlüsselung`}

\n

{`Ausgehend von der Standardkonfigurationsdatei `}{`vsftpd.conf`}{` aus dem vorherigen Schritt müssen wir nun ein TLS-Zertifikat zu unserem Server hinzufügen. Wenn Ihr FTP Server auf einem öffentlich zugängigen Server läuft, können Sie einen Dienst wie Let's Encrypt / Certbot verwenden, um ein gültiges Zertifikat für den Domainnamen Ihres Servers zu generieren. Sie können dieses Zertifikat sowohl für Ihren Web- als auch für Ihren FTP-Server verwenden. Andernfalls können Sie auch unserer Anleitung folgen, wie Sie Ihr `}{`eigenes CA-Zertifikat erstellen`}{`. In diesem Tutorial wird gezeigt, wie man ein gültiges CA-Zertifikat für eine lokale Domain (die von einem AVM Fritzbox Home Internet Router bereitgestellt wird) erzeugt und mit einem `}{`externen MQTT-Broker einsetzt`}{`. Das gleiche Zertifikat kann auch hier verwendet werden.`}

\n

{`In den folgenden Schritten werden wir jedoch einfach ein selbstsigniertes Zertifikat erstellen, das mit einer lokalen IP-Adresse (anstelle eines Domänennamens) verwendet werden kann. Das bedeutet natürlich, dass wir den \"unsicheren\" Modus im FTP-Client unserer Kamera aktivieren müssen. Dies bedeutet nicht, dass die Verschlüsselung schwächer ist, aber die Kamera wird nicht versuchen zu überprüfen, ob Ihr persönlicher FTP-Server wirklich der Server ist, für den das TLS-Zertifikat ausgestellt wurde.`}

\n

{`Einen privaten Schlüssel und ein Zertifikat generieren`}

\n

{`Beginnen Sie mit der Erstellung eines privaten Schlüssels und eines TLS-Zertifikats mit `}{`Openssl`}{`. Um einen privaten Schlüssel zu erzeugen, führen Sie bitte den folgenden Befehl aus:`}

\n 
{`mkdir`}{` /opt/vsftpd/tls\nopenssl genrsa -out /opt/vsftpd/vsftpd.key`}
\n

{`Als Nächstes erzeugen Sie mit dem unten stehenden Befehl eine Zertifikatsignierungsanforderung. Während dieses Vorgangs werden Ihnen mehrere Fragen gestellt. Da wir das resultierende Zertifikat nicht überprüfen werden, können Sie die meisten dieser Felder leer lassen. Geben Sie einfach die lokale IP-Adresse Ihres FTP-Servers ein, wenn Sie nach dem FQDN (`}{`fully qualified domain name`}{`) gefragt werden, z. B. \"192.168.2.111\":`}

\n 
{`openssl req -new -key /opt/vsftpd/vsftpd.key -out /opt/vsftpd/vsftpd.csr\n\nYou are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated\ninto your certificate request.\nWhat you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.\nThere are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank\nFor some fields there will be a default value,\nIf you enter `}{`'.'`}{`, the field will be left blank.\n-----\nCountry Name `}{`(`}{`2`}{` letter code`}{`)`}{` `}{`[`}{`AU`}{`]`}{`:.\nState or Province Name `}{`(`}{`full name`}{`)`}{` `}{`[`}{`Some-State`}{`]`}{`:.\nLocality Name `}{`(`}{`eg, city`}{`)`}{` `}{`[`}{`]`}{`:.\nOrganization Name `}{`(`}{`eg, company`}{`)`}{` `}{`[`}{`Internet Widgits Pty Ltd`}{`]`}{`:.\nOrganizational Unit Name `}{`(`}{`eg, section`}{`)`}{` `}{`[`}{`]`}{`:.\nCommon Name `}{`(`}{`e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name`}{`)`}{` `}{`[`}{`]`}{`:192.168.2.111\nEmail Address `}{`[`}{`]`}{`:.\n\nPlease enter the following `}{`'extra'`}{` attributes\nto be sent with your certificate request\nA challenge password `}{`[`}{`]`}{`:\nAn optional company name `}{`[`}{`]`}{`:`}
\n

{`Erzeugen und signieren Sie nun das Zertifikat, das für 397 Tage gültig sein wird (die maximal zulässige Länge = 13 Monate), wie folgt:`}

\n 
{`openssl x509 -req -days `}{`397`}{` -in /opt/vsftpd/vsftpd.csr -signkey /opt/vsftpd/vsftpd.key -out /opt/vsftpd/vsftpd.pem`}
\n

{`Und stellen Sie sicher, dass Docker diese neuen Dateien verwenden kann:`}

\n 
{`chmod`}{` `}{`755`}{` /opt/vsftpd/*`}
\n

{`Fügen Sie das Zertifikat und den Schlüssel zu Ihrer Konfigurationsdatei hinzu`}

\n

{`vsftpd.conf`}

\n 
{`ftpd_banner`}{`=`}{`Welcome to the INSTAR FTP service.\n`}{`# Enforce user logins`}{`\n`}{`anonymous_enable`}{`=`}{`NO\n`}{`guest_enable`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`# Local linux users are allowed to log in`}{`\n`}{`local_enable`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20`}{`\n`}{`connect_from_port_20`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`# Enable PASV mode on ports 4242-4243`}{`\n`}{`pasv_enable`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`pasv_addr_resolve`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`pasv_min_port`}{`=`}{`4242`}{`\n`}{`pasv_max_port`}{`=`}{`4243`}{`\n`}{`virtual_use_local_privs`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`# FTP users can create, delete, rename and save files`}{`\n`}{`write_enable`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`# Default umask for local users`}{`\n`}{`local_umask`}{`=`}{`022\n`}{`# Add user`}{`\n`}{`pam_service_name`}{`=`}{`vsftpd.virtual\n`}{`user_sub_token`}{`=`}{`$USER`}{`\n`}{`local_root`}{`=`}{`/home/vftp/`}{`$USER`}{`\n`}{`chroot_local_user`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`allow_writeable_chroot`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`hide_ids`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`# Set network interface`}{`\n`}{`listen`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`listen_ipv6`}{`=`}{`NO\n`}{`# Add encryption`}{`\n`}{`rsa_cert_file`}{`=`}{`/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.pem\n`}{`rsa_private_key_file`}{`=`}{`/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.key\n`}{`ssl_enable`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`allow_anon_ssl`}{`=`}{`NO\n`}{`force_local_data_ssl`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`force_local_logins_ssl`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`ssl_tlsv1`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`ssl_sslv2`}{`=`}{`NO\n`}{`ssl_sslv3`}{`=`}{`NO\n`}{`require_ssl_reuse`}{`=`}{`NO\n`}{`ssl_ciphers`}{`=`}{`HIGH\n`}{`# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.`}{`\n`}{`xferlog_enable`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`xferlog_std_format`}{`=`}{`YES\n`}{`# log file in standard ftpd xferlog format`}{`\n`}{`xferlog_file`}{`=`}{`/var/log/vsftpd.log`}
\n

{`Kopieren Sie Zertifikat und Schlüssel in Ihr Docker-Image`}

\n 
{`# Dockerfile for vsftpd on CentOS7`}{`\nFROM centos`}{`:`}{`7`}{`\n\nMAINTAINER m.polinowski@instar.com\n\nRUN yum `}{`-`}{`y update; yum `}{`-`}{`y install which vsftpd net`}{`-`}{`tools vsftpd`}{`-`}{`sysvinit; yum clean all\n\nCOPY vusers.txt /etc/vsftpd/\nRUN db_load `}{`-`}{`T `}{`-`}{`t hash `}{`-`}{`f /etc/vsftpd/vusers.txt /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd`}{`-`}{`virtual`}{`-`}{`user.db; rm `}{`-`}{`v /etc/vsftpd/vusers.txt; \\\\\n\tchmod 600 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd`}{`-`}{`virtual`}{`-`}{`user.db\nCOPY vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/\nCOPY vsftpd.virtual /etc/pam.d/\nCOPY vsftpd.pem /etc/vsftpd/\nCOPY vsftpd.key /etc/vsftpd/\nRUN mkdir `}{`-`}{`p /home/vftp/ftpuser; chown `}{`-`}{`R ftp`}{`:`}{`ftp /home/vftp\n\nEXPOSE 20 21 4242 4243\n\nCMD `}{`[`}{`\"/usr/sbin/vsftpd\"`}{`,`}{`\"-obackground=NO\"`}{`]`}
\n

{`Starten des Docker-Containers`}

\n

{`Bauen des Images`}

\n

{`Mit diesen 4 Dateien sind wir nun bereit, unser Docker-Image zu erstellen:`}

\n 
{`docker build -t vsftpd_tls `}{`.`}
\n

{`Ausführen des Containers`}

\n

{`Stellen Sie sicher, dass das FTP-Benutzerverzeichnis existiert und von Ihrem Docker-Benutzer beschrieben werden kann:`}

\n 
{`mkdir`}{` -p /opt/vsftpd/ftpuser\n`}{`chmod`}{` -R `}{`755`}{` /opt/vsftpd/ftpuser/`}
\n
\n

{`Stellen Sie sicher, dass das Home-Verzeichnis `}{`/opt/vsftpd/ftpuser`}{` auf `}{`755`}{` gesetzt ist, um den FTP-Schreibfehler zu vermeiden `}{`ftp 550 Create directory operation failed.`}

\n
\n 
{`docker run -d `}{`\\\\`}{`\n    --name vsftpd `}{`\\\\`}{`\n    --net`}{`=`}{`host `}{`\\\\`}{`\n    --privileged `}{`\\\\`}{`\n    --rm `}{`\\\\`}{`\n    -v /opt/vsftpd/ftpuser/:/home/vftp/ftpuser/ `}{`\\\\`}{`\n    vsftpd_tls:latest`}
\n

{`Anbinden einer INSTAR IP-Kamera`}

\n

{`Sie können jetzt testen ob die Verbindung über TLS möglich ist - z.B. in FileZilla Server:`}

\n

{`\n `}{`\n `}{`\n `}{`\n `}{`\n `}{`\n `}{`\n `}{`\n `}{`\n `}

\n

{`WQHD Kameras`}

\n

{`\n `}{`\n `}{`\n `}{`\n `}{`\n `}{`\n `}{`\n `}{`\n `}{`\n `}

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